Friday, May 31, 2019

Jonathan Swift: Satirist and Irishman :: Biography Biographies Essays

Jonathan fleet Satirist and IrishmanJonathan fast is one of the most cutting satirists in the history of British literature. Born in 1667 in Dublin, Ireland seven months afterward his fathers death, Swift had a difficult bearing. 5 He remained with his uncle throughout his childhood, catching Kilkenny School, the best education to be had in Ireland at the time. 4 He later, in 1682, went on to attend Trinity College where he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree. 5 Several years later he was forced to leave Ireland due to political ferment and relocated to England, where he rejoined his mother and worked for William Temple for the next ten years. 4 In 1692, Swift earned a Master of Arts at Oxford. In 1694, Swift returned to Ireland and was ordained as a priest. 4Upon his return to Ireland, Swift became very involved in politics. He was an active Whig for many years. However, when Whig agenda went against the Church of England, Swift, a profoundly religious man, skint with th e party. 4 He joined the Tory cause and employed his intelligence and writing skill in helping to fight for Irish rights. 4 Swift played out the rest of his life serving the church and writing a great deal of literature responding to society, political policy, and social conditions. His most famous plant ar listed below. A story of a Tub ( 1704 ).Battle of the Books ( 1704 ).The Abolishing of Christianity ( 1708 ).Meditation upon a Broomstick ( 1710 ).Journal to Stella ( 1710-13 ). proposal for Correcting... the English Tongue ( 1712 ). Cadenus and Vanessa ( 1713 ).The Drapiers Letters ( 1724 ).Gullivers Travels ( 1726 ).A Modest Proposal for Preventing the Children of Poor People from Being a Burthen ( 1729 ). The Day Of Judgment ( 1731 ). Verses on the Death of Dr Swift ( 1731 ).Correspondence. Five Volumes. Edited by D. Nichol Smith. Oxford, 1963-65. 6 All of Swifts works criticize the faults of mankind, uplifting virtue and common sense above all else. 4 His works ques tion whether the progress of civilization and the behavior and value of society are truly advancements or just complex barbarianism. 4 He challenges his readers to think for themselves instead of accepting everything at face value. Swift criticizes by employing the literary device called jeering in which the author exposes folly or absurdity in the behavior of an authority or society.Jonathan Swift Satirist and Irishman Biography Biographies EssaysJonathan Swift Satirist and IrishmanJonathan Swift is one of the most cutting satirists in the history of British literature. Born in 1667 in Dublin, Ireland seven months after his fathers death, Swift had a difficult life. 5 He remained with his uncle throughout his childhood, attending Kilkenny School, the best education to be had in Ireland at the time. 4 He later, in 1682, went on to attend Trinity College where he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree. 5 Several years later he was forced to leave Ireland due to political unrest and relocated to England, where he rejoined his mother and worked for William Temple for the next ten years. 4 In 1692, Swift earned a Master of Arts at Oxford. In 1694, Swift returned to Ireland and was ordained as a priest. 4Upon his return to Ireland, Swift became very involved in politics. He was an active Whig for many years. However, when Whig agenda went against the Church of England, Swift, a profoundly religious man, broke with the party. 4 He joined the Tory cause and employed his intelligence and writing skill in helping to fight for Irish rights. 4 Swift spent the rest of his life serving the church and writing a great deal of literature responding to society, political policy, and social conditions. His most famous works are listed below. A Tale of a Tub ( 1704 ).Battle of the Books ( 1704 ).The Abolishing of Christianity ( 1708 ).Meditation upon a Broomstick ( 1710 ).Journal to Stella ( 1710-13 ).Proposal for Correcting... the English Tongue ( 1712 ). Cadenus and V anessa ( 1713 ).The Drapiers Letters ( 1724 ).Gullivers Travels ( 1726 ).A Modest Proposal for Preventing the Children of Poor People from Being a Burthen ( 1729 ). The Day Of Judgment ( 1731 ). Verses on the Death of Dr Swift ( 1731 ).Correspondence. Five Volumes. Edited by D. Nichol Smith. Oxford, 1963-65. 6 All of Swifts works criticize the faults of mankind, uplifting virtue and common sense above all else. 4 His works question whether the progress of civilization and the behavior and values of society are truly advancements or just complex barbarianism. 4 He challenges his readers to think for themselves instead of accepting everything at face value. Swift criticizes by employing the literary device called satire in which the author exposes folly or absurdity in the behavior of an authority or society.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Larry Ellisons Contributions to Computer Technology Essay -- Technolo

AbstractLarry Ellison is among the top names in the computer industry. He has been fiercely competitive with Bill Gates everywhere the years. That competitive nature may very well be the driving force behind some of his contri saveions to the world of computer technology.Childhood and EducationIt is all-important(prenominal) to understand the background and education of Larry Ellison in order to understand what drives and motivates him in his adult life. Ellison was not a child of privilege. He did not grow up with parents who were scientists or pushed him to excel. According Wikipedia, Larry Ellison was born to a 19 year old unwed Jewish mother who felt compelled to give him up to her aunt and uncle to shape up him. He grew up in a deuce bedroom apartment in a Jewish community in South Shore Chicago. academy of Achievement website states in the biography about Ellison, he left the University of Illinois during second year final exams when his adoptive mother died. Later that fal l he enrolled in the University of Chicago but dropped out after the first semester. honorary society of Achievement goes on to say, His adoptive father was now convinced that Larry would never make anything of himself, but the seemingly aimless young man had already learned the rudiments of computer programming in Chicago.CEO of packet Development LabsAccording to Academy of Achievement, Ellison moved to California where he worked with a few different companies. One of those companies was Amdahl Corporation where Ellison was able to participate in building the first IBM-compatible mainframe system. Ellison and two other co-workers pursued founding a new company named Software Development Labs. Ellison functioned as CEO of this newly founded company. It was at this company h... ...n Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved appalling 15, 2010, from http//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Larry_Ellison&oldid=379100685.Larry Ellison Biography -- Academy of Achievement. Academy of Achievement Main Menu. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Aug. 2010. http//www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/ell0bio-1.What are relational databases?. (March 23, 2001). HowStuffWorks.com. Retrieved August 15, 2010. http//computer.howstuffworks.com/question599.htm.Larry Ellison 1944 - Biography - Early life, Software development laboratories, Relational databases, Building oracle, Maturity, The internet revolution, Downturn. Reference For Business - Encyclopedia of Small Business, Business Biographies, Business Plans, and Encyclopedia of American Industries. N.p., n.d. Retrieved August 16, 2010. http//www.referenceforbusiness.com/biography/A-E/Ellison-Larry-1944.html.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Nontraditional Traditions :: essays research papers

Nontraditional Tradtions     We live in an age in which it is hard to spend time to sither as a family.Many families today wonder if having quality time together is a thing of thepast. We are inordinately busy, for one thing, whether household bread-winnersor college students. Also, the interpretation of family has changed. We aredealing with impudent definitions and characterizations of the idea of family. approximatelyof us have traditional families. Some families have divorced, single, and/orremarried parents, creating a rather confusing family tree. Some people chooseto live their lives alone, but may still be close enough to some friends toconsider them family.     Whatever the circumstances, many of us aboveboard dont know how tocelebrate together. We may even see the word "tradition" as somethingstultifying and old, having no meaning for or application to us personallysomething unremarkably being forced upon us by someone w ho smells funny and is onlyseen on holidays. What all of this means is that we can no longer simply get marriedthe examples of old. It is up to us to create new family traditions.Celebrating is not hard. We all know some celebrating and have some ways ofdoing it. The only challenge is to find new ways. Why do we need to celebratetradition? It gives us something to look forward to and makes a formalstatement that there are some things in life to be grateful for.     The notion of honoring tradition is unsettling for some people letalone creating new ones. We understand that we need something to add a sense oforder and stability to our lives. But we are not sure about how to create ourown traditions. We seem to think that traditions must be minatory and complexideas that had been around for hundreds of years and will be around for ahundred more. In my opinion, this is not true. It need not be big or religiousat all. I believe a tradition is something that you do once that feels good, soyou do it again and again.     The tale in Frosts "Mending fence" can be viewed as an impromptutradition. The two neighbors needing to repair the wall after the winter chill,find time to converse with each other about whats on their minds.     For example, every Sunday my dad makes tea and puts out two cups, hisand mine. I am used to this. If I had to reach in the cupboard to get my owncup, something would be wrong. As it is, I get up out of my bed, I go into

Free Essays - Ernest Hemingways A Farewell to Arms :: Farewell Arms Essays

A FAREWELL TO ARMS Do you agree that Farewell to Arms is as successful in the portrayal of fear and low-down as when he writes of courage and camaraderie? The four themes of fear, pitiable, courage and comradeship are prominent issues which are raised in the novel Farewell to Arms.The protagonist, Frederick enthalpy faces fear when he is injured where he admits his own fear. He shows courage without second thought when he helps injured men coming from the front. Individual suffering is shown through the eyes of Frederick total heat having to face the death of his wife and child. Physical suffering is obviously shown by the men that get injured in the fight. This fleshly suffering provides the context in which courage can take place. Comradery, surprisingly, doesnt seem to be as obvious in the novel as the other themes it is in general shown by the nurses commitment to one another and the male bonding at the mess. There also seems to be more of an individual comradery within friendships and with individuals rather than a undivided group. In fact, there doesnt seem to be a sense of people working together for a common cause.These four themes contribute to the many decisions that Frederick Henry has to make. That is in regards to the war and his relationship with Catherine, he has an inner conflict with himself with external forces pulling him in opposite directions which the protagonist must sort out which is more important to follow. Frederick Henry is an American who serves as a lieutenant in the Italian army to a group of ambulance drivers, whom is portrayed by Hemmingway as a lost man searching for order and value in his look.The fear and suffering the Frederick Henry has in his life which he experiences by the war, shows him how pointless the war is, he disagrees with the war because it is too chaotic and immoral for him to rationalize its cause. However, he fights anyway, in order to achieve the discipline which the army forces into his life. The courage he has in the war and comradeship or the individual comradeship he has with various people such as Catherine and the priest gives him a sense of order and value in his life that the war does not give him. Frederick Henry befriends the priest because he admires the fact that the priest lives his life by a set of values that give him an trim lifestyle.

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

civil war :: essays papers

civil war3Albert Gallatin Brown, U.S. Senator from Mississippi, speaking with regard to the several filibuster expeditions to Central America I take Cuba . . . I want Tamaulipas, Potosi, and mavin or two other Mexican States and I want them all for the same reason -- for the planting and spreading of sla real. Battle bitch of Freedom, p. 106. Richmond Enquirer, 1856 Democratic self-sufficiency exists solely because we have slaves . . . freedom is not possible without slavery.Lawrence Keitt, Congressman from South Carolina, in a address to the House on January 25, 1860 African slavery is the corner-stone of the industrial, sociable, and governmental fabric of the South and whatever wars against it, wars against her very existence. Strike down the institution of African slavery and you reduce the South to depopulation and barbarism. later in the same speech he said, The anti-slavery party postulate that slavery is wrong in itself, and the Government is a consolidated national d emocracy. We of the South contend that slavery is right, and that this is a attendant Republic of sovereign States. Taken from a photocopy of the Congressional Globe supplied by Steve Miller.Methodist Rev. John T. Wightman, preaching at Yorkville, South Carolina The triumphs of Christianity rest this very hour upon slavery and slavery depends on the triumphs of the South . . . This war is the servant of slavery. The Glory of God, the Defence of the South (1861), cited in Eugene Genoveses down Fire (1998).Alexander Stephens, Vice-President of the Confederacy, referring to the abetter _or_ abettor government Its foundations are laid, its cornerstone rests, upon the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man that slavery . . . is his natural and normal condition. Augusta, Georgia, Daily Constitutionalist, parade 30, 1861.Alfred P. Aldrich, South Carolina legislator from Barnwell If the Republican party with its platform of principles, the main feature of which is the abolition of slavery and, therefore, the destruction of the South, carries the country at the nigh Presidential election, shall we remain in the Union, or form a separate Confederacy? This is the great, grave issue. It is not who shall be President, it is not which party shall rule -- it is a question of policy-making and social existence. Steven Channing, Crisis of Fear, pp. 141-142.Political divisionsAmerica was thus divided by economic structure, and was led into fratricidal warfare by a series of political clashes.civil war essays paperscivil war3Albert Gallatin Brown, U.S. Senator from Mississippi, speaking with regard to the several filibuster expeditions to Central America I want Cuba . . . I want Tamaulipas, Potosi, and one or two other Mexican States and I want them all for the same reason -- for the planting and spreading of slavery. Battle Cry of Freedom, p. 106. Richmond Enquirer, 1856 Democratic liberty exists solely because we have slaves . . . freedom is not pos sible without slavery.Lawrence Keitt, Congressman from South Carolina, in a speech to the House on January 25, 1860 African slavery is the corner-stone of the industrial, social, and political fabric of the South and whatever wars against it, wars against her very existence. Strike down the institution of African slavery and you reduce the South to depopulation and barbarism. Later in the same speech he said, The anti-slavery party contend that slavery is wrong in itself, and the Government is a consolidated national democracy. We of the South contend that slavery is right, and that this is a confederate Republic of sovereign States. Taken from a photocopy of the Congressional Globe supplied by Steve Miller.Methodist Rev. John T. Wightman, preaching at Yorkville, South Carolina The triumphs of Christianity rest this very hour upon slavery and slavery depends on the triumphs of the South . . . This war is the servant of slavery. The Glory of God, the Defence of the South (1861), cite d in Eugene Genoveses Consuming Fire (1998).Alexander Stephens, Vice-President of the Confederacy, referring to the Confederate government Its foundations are laid, its cornerstone rests, upon the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man that slavery . . . is his natural and normal condition. Augusta, Georgia, Daily Constitutionalist, March 30, 1861.Alfred P. Aldrich, South Carolina legislator from Barnwell If the Republican party with its platform of principles, the main feature of which is the abolition of slavery and, therefore, the destruction of the South, carries the country at the next Presidential election, shall we remain in the Union, or form a separate Confederacy? This is the great, grave issue. It is not who shall be President, it is not which party shall rule -- it is a question of political and social existence. Steven Channing, Crisis of Fear, pp. 141-142.Political divisionsAmerica was thus divided by economic structure, and was led into fratricidal w arfare by a series of political clashes.

civil war :: essays papers

civil war3Albert Gallatin Brown, U.S. Senator from Mississippi, talk with regard to the several filibuster expeditions to Central the States I want Cuba . . . I want Tamaulipas, Potosi, and one or both other Mexican States and I want them all for the same reason -- for the planting and spreading of slavery. Battle Cry of Freedom, p. 106. Richmond Enquirer, 1856 Democratic liberty exists solely because we suck up slaves . . . freedom is not likely without slavery.Lawrence Keitt, Congressman from randomness Carolina, in a speech to the House on January 25, 1860 African slavery is the corner-stone of the industrial, social, and political fabric of the south-central and whatever wars against it, wars against her very existence. looker down the institution of African slavery and you reduce the South to depopulation and barbarism. Later in the same speech he said, The anti-slavery political party contend that slavery is harm in itself, and the Government is a consolidated nationa l democracy. We of the South contend that slavery is right, and that this is a confederate Republic of monarch States. Taken from a go off of the Congressional Globe supplied by Steve Miller.Methodist Rev. John T. Wightman, preaching at Yorkville, South Carolina The triumphs of Christianity rest this very hour upon slavery and slavery depends on the triumphs of the South . . . This war is the servant of slavery. The Glory of God, the Defence of the South (1861), cited in Eugene Genoveses Consuming Fire (1998).Alexander Stephens, Vice-President of the southward, referring to the Confederate government Its foundations argon laid, its cornerstone rests, upon the great fair play that the negro is not equal to the white man that slavery . . . is his natural and normal condition. Augusta, Georgia, Daily Constitutionalist, March 30, 1861.Alfred P. Aldrich, South Carolina legislator from Barnwell If the republican party with its plat counterfeit of principles, the main feature of which is the abolition of slavery and, therefore, the destruction of the South, carries the country at the next Presidential election, shall we remain in the Union, or form a separate Confederacy? This is the great, grave issue. It is not who shall be President, it is not which party shall rule -- it is a question of political and social existence. Steven Channing, Crisis of Fear, pp. 141-142.Political divisionsAmerica was thus divided by economic structure, and was led into fratricidal warfare by a series of political clashes.civil war essays paperscivil war3Albert Gallatin Brown, U.S. Senator from Mississippi, speaking with regard to the several filibuster expeditions to Central America I want Cuba . . . I want Tamaulipas, Potosi, and one or two other Mexican States and I want them all for the same reason -- for the planting and spreading of slavery. Battle Cry of Freedom, p. 106. Richmond Enquirer, 1856 Democratic liberty exists solely because we have slaves . . . freedom is not po ssible without slavery.Lawrence Keitt, Congressman from South Carolina, in a speech to the House on January 25, 1860 African slavery is the corner-stone of the industrial, social, and political fabric of the South and whatever wars against it, wars against her very existence. Strike down the institution of African slavery and you reduce the South to depopulation and barbarism. Later in the same speech he said, The anti-slavery party contend that slavery is wrong in itself, and the Government is a consolidated national democracy. We of the South contend that slavery is right, and that this is a confederate Republic of sovereign States. Taken from a photocopy of the Congressional Globe supplied by Steve Miller.Methodist Rev. John T. Wightman, preaching at Yorkville, South Carolina The triumphs of Christianity rest this very hour upon slavery and slavery depends on the triumphs of the South . . . This war is the servant of slavery. The Glory of God, the Defence of the South (1861), cit ed in Eugene Genoveses Consuming Fire (1998).Alexander Stephens, Vice-President of the Confederacy, referring to the Confederate government Its foundations are laid, its cornerstone rests, upon the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man that slavery . . . is his natural and normal condition. Augusta, Georgia, Daily Constitutionalist, March 30, 1861.Alfred P. Aldrich, South Carolina legislator from Barnwell If the Republican party with its platform of principles, the main feature of which is the abolition of slavery and, therefore, the destruction of the South, carries the country at the next Presidential election, shall we remain in the Union, or form a separate Confederacy? This is the great, grave issue. It is not who shall be President, it is not which party shall rule -- it is a question of political and social existence. Steven Channing, Crisis of Fear, pp. 141-142.Political divisionsAmerica was thus divided by economic structure, and was led into fratricidal warfare by a series of political clashes.

Monday, May 27, 2019

Stolpestad by William Lychack

Lychack, published in 2008, is about a policeman who gets called out at the end of his shift, to help a 9 socio-economic class darkened boy with his suffering dog. Stolpestad is the main character in the story and the protagonist. He is not at all captivated by the task at hand, which I believe to be the antagonist of the story, but follows his orders and heads out to accomplish this odd task and shoots the dog.In the end he is confronted by the young boy and his forefather for not actually killing the dog. We are first greeted with a very explicit description of the day itself. Sun never breaking through the clouds, clouds never breaking into rain the odometer like a clock ticking all these bored little pent-up streets and mills and tenants away. (Page 1, line 2-4) This description suggests that it is perpetually like this, the town never changing, never moving on, constant and a duplicate of the day before, Just as the life of Stolpestad.Every street, every shop and family t he same as they were in his childhood memories. He has always lived here, but his portrayal of he town bares little enthusiasm or fondness, almost suggesting a negative outlook on his life. The ambience of the setting continues on the same dull note, when the area in which the dog is located is presented. .. the grass and scrub weeds, the sumac, the old tires, empty bottles, paint cans, rusted car axel, refrigerator door.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Strategic Management Process

Organizations develop some form of a strategical circumspection plan to enter, maintain, or continue to enhance their position with other competitors within their industry. The primary goal of any organization is to provide a product or service to produce a profit. Though the objective remains the same regardless of the organization, the strategic circumspection cropes may vary. Prior to describing the components of a strategic management process, one must first understand the definition of strategic management.Strategic management is a set of managerial decisions and actions that determines the long-run performance of a corporation (Wheelan & Hunger, 2010). The concept of strategic management allows a political party to set goals in order to secure sustainability for the future. There are four steps in a strategic management plan situation analysis, strategy verbal expression, strategy implementation, and strategy evaluation (Whelan & Hunger, 2010). These steps are performed in this specific order when developing a impudently plan of management.Situation analysis involves reviewing the internal and external milieu as well as the organizational framework of a company. When focusing on internal environment of a company one must focus on the different working relationships within the organization. To analyze the external environment would include evaluation of relationships the company has with its customers, suppliers, creditors and competitors. (Coulter, 2005). The second step in strategic management plan is strategy formulation. In this step the strategies for the company are formulated focusing on its strengths.Strategy formulation can be categorized into three organizational levels operational, competitive and corporate (Coulter, 2005). Strategy implementation is the next step. In this step the strategies that were formulated in the previous step are put into action. This includes development of operating procedures necessary to implement the strate gies set forth. To be successful the problems should be prioritized based on the seriousness of the incommode and should focus on the important issues first (Coulter, 2005). The final step is strategy evaluation. In this step the entire process is under scrutiny.This includes how the strategy was executed and the strength of it. In this step miscellanys are made as necessary. For example if goals were not met the strategy should be modified (Coulter, 2005). The Internal Revenue Service began using a strategic management plan in 1985. They use the plan to fulfill the requirements of the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993. As part of the strategic management process The IRS plans and budgets, develops measures, implements the plan, and evaluates the results (http//govinfo. library. unt. edu/npr/library/studies/caseirsa. pdf).In conclusion a strategic management plan is a continuous process and is important to the successful future of a company. Strategies will change as objectives and goals change. The use of a strategic management process is important to the sustainability and longevity of a company. References Coulter, M. (2005). Strategic Management in Action. (3rd ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Prentice Hall. http//govinfo. library. unt. edu/npr/library/studies/caseirsa. pdf Wheelen, T. L. , & Hunger, J. D. , (2010). Concepts in strategic management and business policy (12th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Education

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Fast Food and Free Time Essay

MIt is common for university students to have a semester break out in between each semester in a year. It usually lasts for about 3 to 4 months. Consequently, students will feel bored during the semester break because they have nothing to do. In my opinion, university students nowadays do go past their free time wisely because they will find some job to fulfil their semester break before starting their studies, doing a short semester and making minuscular business to earn money for their expenses.Firstly, university students nowadays do spend their free time wisely because during semester break, they will find a job to fulfil their semester break before resuming their studies. Usually, their popular choice would be part time job in fast food outlets such as KFC, McDonalds and Pizza Hut. By working, they learn the hardships of earning money and at the same time they are doing something beneficial.Besides, they crumb also use their salary to pay the fees for their next semester and thus they can strangle their parents burden. Secondly, university students nowadays do spend their free time wisely because some of students doing short semester for spend their free time in semester break especially for those repeaters, they can finish the repeat subject earlier and have no burden to take the subject again for the next semester. Beside that, repeater students will not victorious a long time to finishing their studies and grading earlier.Lastly, university students nowadays do spend their free time wisely because most of them do a junior-grade business when semester break. For example they open a stall burger. They can help their family finance and also can pay for their expenses. Moreover they also can survive more experience on how to make a business. At the same time, they also can spend some money for their personal saving. So, university students nowadays do spend their free time wisely.

Friday, May 24, 2019

Business Policy & Strategic Management

BUSINESS POLICY & STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT Objective This course in product line indemnity and strategic Management is frame in to help the students to learn the concepts related to Business Policies and Strategic Management so as to understand how a successful Business Policies and Strategies are framed at different levels of Management for organizational success and smooth functioning of an organization in todays dynamic environment. I Introduction to Business Policy & Strategic Management 9% Definition, Concept, Objective and Significance The levels at which strategy operates Characteristic of Strategic Management An Overview Strategic Management Process Concept of Strategic finish Making II Strategy Formulation 20% Understanding Strategic Intent Vision, Mission, Business Definition, Goals and Objectives Concepts of Strategic Stretch, Leverage & Fit Environment Appraisal Concept & environmental Sector PEST Analysis Organizational Appraisal Concepts & Capability Factors Po rters Value Chain Model Framework for developing Strategic reinforcement SWOT Analysis as a Tool for assessing Organizational Capabilities and Environment Opportunities Type of Strategies Corporate direct (Concept of Grand Strategies) , Business Level and Functional Level. Guidelines for Crafting in(predicate) Business Strategies III Strategy Analysis and Choice 22% Corporate Level Strategy Analysis BCG Matrix & GE 9 cell Matrix, Business Level Strategy Analysis Life Cycle Analysis, Porters Five Forces of Industry Analysis Concept of Strategic Decision Making. Subjective Factors in Strategic Choice and Process of Strategic Choice IV Strategy Implementation 18 % Interrelation Between Strategy Formulation and Implementation Aspects of Strategy Implementation An overview of Project, adjectival Implementation, Resource Allocation Structural Implementation An overview of Structural Consideration, Structure for Strategies. Behavioral Implementation An overview of Leadership , Corporate Culture, Corporate Politics and Use of Power, Personal Values and Business Ethics. Functional /Operational Implementation An overview of Functional Strategies. V Strategy Evaluation and prevail 13% An Overview of Strategic Evaluation and Control Strategic Control and Operational Control Techniques for Strategic Evaluation and Control Role of Organizational Systems in Evaluation Mc Kinseys 7s Framework. VI. Cases in Strategic Management 18% Minimum five cases include the above topics to be analyzed and discussed in the class. Cases to be incorporated in Question Paper

Thursday, May 23, 2019

How Do We Measure Development?

In this assessment, I will be comparing two very different countries France and Zimbabwe. I will be comparing their development using development indicators. I have chosen a MEDC (More Economically Developed Country) which is France, and I have chosen a LEDC (Less Economically Developed Country) which is Zimbabwe. I will be using development indicators to show how they relate to the outlandishs development and how the two countries are different. The development indicators that I have chosen are life sentence Expectancy, gross domestic product per capita, deathrate tell, and Unemployment.These indicators are very different from each other and will be excellent in comparing France and Zimbabwe. The North South Divide is the division in the World between developed countries and undeveloped countries. This is an indicator to wherever of non a country is a MEDC or LEDC. There is a development gap between the MEDCs and the LEDCs which is the difference in economic wealth that exists . The gap is largely imputable to the feature that developing countries have not underg one(a) modern industrialization.There are eight master(prenominal) characteristics that identify a less developed country Little or no modern assiduity, High Birth Rate or rapidly increasing nations, Farming is the main economic activity, High poverty, High illiteracy wander and low technological levels, Poor diets which causes starvation, malnutrition and other diseases, Poor Transport facilities, Lack of sufficient services. I will use the eight main characteristics above in my assessment when explaining the indicators as a confirmation to why Zimbabwe is a LEDC and why France is a MEDC.I will now start my assessment by providing punctuate knowledge about my two chosen countries France and Zimbabwe. France is located in Western Europe and also has various other territories in North America, the Caribbean, South America, the southern Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, and Antarctica. France covers 547,030 square kilometres (211,209 square miles), and has the largest area in the European Union and second largest in Europe. France has a variety of landscapes, including the low-lying wetlands and the high f disdainpot ranges known as the Alps in the south-east.Across France there are rivers, lakes, salt marshes, gentle hills as well as mountains, flat plains and coasts. France has four main rivers, the longest of which is the Loire. Most of France has mild winters and warm summers however the mountainous areas such as the Alps have much colder winter and bring heavy nose candy falls. In France there are many historic towns, such as Chartres, Orleans and Reims, with lots of historic castles in the Loire Valley, which attract tourists. The capital city of France is capital of France and is famous for the Louvre museum and Notre Dame Cathedral.France is also known worldwide for the wood that it produce, in particular its wine and cheese. France is a very developed countr y and it possesses the ordinal largest economy in the world. It receives 82 million foreign tourists annually and is a member of the European Union, United Nations, G8, NATO, and the Latin Union. France also owns the largest numeral of thermonuclear weapons and nuclear power plants in the European Union. France is a democracy in which the people elect member of the National Assembly and Senate, which together make up the Parliament.France does not have a royal family since it became a republic in 1789. Every s level(p) years, a President is elected for the French Republic. Frances economic wealth is created by different types of production Primary (farming and mining), secondary (manufacturing industries) and tertiary (high- tech industries and services). Until recently, manufacturing industries provided most of Frances wealth and jobs, but this has now changed. Since the oil crisis in 1979, the secondary sector in the employment structure has been decreasing while the tertiary sector has been increasing.This has resulted in huge numbers of unemployment and France is now the country with the second highest unemployment rate, which has deeply necessitateed the countrys wealth. France was issued the wiz European currency, the euro, in 2002, together with 15 other EU member advances. This forms the Euro zone. Zimbabwe is located in Southern Africa, between South Africa and Zambia. Zimbabwe covers an area of 390,580 square kilometres. The terrain of Zimbabwe is largely high plateau and mountains in the east of the country. The terrain is consequently highly useful for the primary industry especially farming.Like many countries in Africa, primary industry is the main economic activity in Zimbabwe. It generates most of the countrys income, however to reach development, industrialization is need but the country cannot afford this. The climate is tropical but a rainy season occurs between November to March. The official language of Zimbabwe is English, but th e majority of the population speak Shona which is the native language of the Shona people. The other language that is utter widely in Zimbabwe is Sindebele by the Matabele people.In a full flood, the massive Victoria Falls on the river forms the worlds largest curtain of falling water. The population of Zimbabwe is 13,349,000 million although the feel presentiment is only 38 years which is extremely low. Life Expectancy and Infant Mortality Rate Life Expectancy is the number of years that an individualistic is expected to live as determined by statistics gained over a year for a selected country. It is calculated for men and women separately as well as together. Generally women live longer than men in most countries but that is not always the case in some(a) countries.Many simple things affect life prevision which is the main problem in developed countries such as France where the main problems are smoking, obesity, and drugs. However, these problems are in peoples control and are by and large peoples actions. However in undeveloped countries standardized Zimbabwe, the main problems would be AIDS, malnutrition, curable diseases, and civil strife. These factors take a tremendous toll on human life.The Life Expectancy for France and Zimbabwe are France Zimbabwe World Male 80. 87 39. 73 66. 12 Female 77. 68 40. 87 64. 18 Male and Female 84. 23 38. 55 8. 2 It is very clear that the life expectancy is significantly lower in Zimbabwe than in France. Zimbabwes population has such a low life expectancy because of the variety of diseases and also the climate. The warm welcoming climate attracts mosquitoes which carry the disease, malaria. Hepatitis A and typhoid are also common in Zimbabwe because of the poor hygiene standards and foul water. In Zimbabwe there is not much clean water around therefore people are forced to drink this unclean water and combine with poor health care this gives Zimbabwe its low life expectancy.Another explanation to Zimbabwes low li fe expectancy is its high infant mortality rate. Infant Mortality Rate is the death rate during the first base year of a newborn babys life. Over one tenth of every newborn African dies within its first year. Infant Mortality Rates greatly affects a countrys life expectancy because every newborn baby dieing in its first year still applies to the number of years an individual lives. Compared to France, the life expectancy of France is higher because of its good health care and constant supply of clean water.The Infant Mortality Rate of France is 3. 6 deaths/1,000 live births which is very low compared to Zimbabwe. The population per doctor in Zimbabwe is 16,667 therefore treatment in Zimbabwe is extremely limited and most people relying on earthy healers who provide sick people with herbs and plants which usually dont have much effect on curing diseases. The Life Expectancy is higher in France because France provides excellent healthcare whereas in Zimbabwe the healthcare is very poor and there are only a few hospitals. Because the healthcare is poor many of the people die or they refer to tribal healers who use ancient healing methods which most of the time fail to work.They can also make the illness worse. The Infant Mortality Rate is also low in France because of the excellent services that hospitals provide during the operation and after the baby is born. In France there are 303 people per doctor and so this confirms that healthcare in France is widely available. Also the climate in France is perfect to subjugate catching diseases, resulting in less early deaths increasing the life expectancy. exculpated water is supplied to houses through safe taps whereas people in Zimbabwe live in huts and have to collect water from lakes which are usually infected.To conclude, life expectancy is an good indicator in measuring the development of a country, because it takes into account healthcare, standards hygiene i. e. food and water, disease, and infant mortality rate, and the availability of medical services. However, it is not a brilliant indicator because diseases in Zimbabwe like malaria are unavoidable due to the fact that mosquitoes are found in Zimbabwe because of the hot weather. Zimbabwe has a much lower life expectancy because it take overs from problems like malaria, malnutrition, unclean poor, and poor healthcare which developed countries like France do not suffer from.However developed countries like France suffer from minor problems that can be easily prevented such as obesity, smoking, and drugs. These minor problems are increasing in the modern world. It is already affecting many countries and therefore needs to be prevented. I have mostly explained the difference between the countries of Life Expectancy and Infant Mortality Rate but there is one important similarity and that is that two countries have problems that need to be extinguished. GDP per Capita and Unemployment GDP per Capita is a commonly accepted measure of de velopment and stands for Gross national Product per Capita.It is used to help identify the standard of living for a country by measuring a countries wealth. So GDP per Capita is the net range of all goods and services produced by a country in that specific country only in one year divided by the population of that country. France has a GDP per Capita of $32,700 whereas Zimbabwes GDP per Capita is $200. This is a considerable difference and there are many reasons for this. Human factors as well as physical factors both affect Zimbabwe, resulting in the low GNP per capita.Since Zimbabwes independence, it has been through many wars. The most recent war with Congo took millions of dollars out of the economy and reduced Zimbabwes chances for development. Zimbabwes low GDP per Capita is the result of low industrialization in the country. For this to occur the country needs coin to spend on the machinery and Zimbabwe doesnt have a vast amount of money to spend. This is the reason why Zi mbabwes economy is based around the primary industry of farming and mining as the country has a large quantity of costly minerals.However many of the mines are owned by foreign companies and not by the Zimbabwe Government, resulting in no change in wealth. Also, developed countries like France mess with primary- based countries like Zimbabwe because France doesnt have enough primary resources in the country. However, MEDCs purchase the crops and minerals at an extremely low amount. Zimbabwe cannot refuse because the country needs the money to avoid falling in debt. France would then use their advanced manufacturing industry to produce secondary products.France has the wealth to do this because the economy is high. Zimbabwe would then purchase the secondary goods from MEDCs like France at an extremely high amount. Zimbabwe has no choice but to purchase the developed goods because the country doesnt have the machinery to convert its primary goods into secondary products. Zimbabwe in the past have tried many National Plans to industrialize the country which is a step towards development however to do this Zimbabwe needs Capital and the only tell apart to get this is to barrow huge sums of money from the world banks.In the end, the plans did not work out because the country could not afford to pay back the loans and the factories were neer complete. With huge loans to repay and no complete factories, the country fell into the Third World Debt. Through trying to industrialise, the countrys economy collapsed resulting in an even worse state than before the plans proceeded. Zimbabwe is therefore stuck in the vicious circle of development at the step where they have no money left and so the output per person is low. Another reason why the GNP per Capita of Zimbabwe is so low is because the education system is very poor.Without education, people cannot achieve high paid jobs. At the hour in Zimbabwe, most of the jobs are based around farming and mining which doe snt need education and leads to low payment. However most of the population in Zimbabwe is vacant with the rate being 80% which is roughly 9 million people. As I have mentioned earlier, the war with Congo took millions out of the countrys wealth. This money could have been worn-out(a) on the education system in Zimbabwe which would have over time increased the GNP per Capita as well as reducing the unemployment rate.Now due to the country debt situation, it cannot afford to spend money on the education. This is the main reason why Zimbabwes GNP per Capita is extremely low. France differs greatly from Zimbabwe however the two countries have some similarities. Frances high economy is the reason for the vast amounts of money entering the country. This wealth is spent to improve the country to continue its advanced development. France takes a keen saki in the education system resulting in high paid jobs, increasing the money injected into the economy.This gives the country a high GNP per Capita. A similarity is that France unmistakably has the second highest unemployment rate in the industry. The percentage is 12. 6% which is extremely high even though the economy is well- developed. I conclude this section by stating that even though France has an advanced economy, it has some problems. In the future, Zimbabwe needs to consider all its possibilities for development before making a definite decision because the country could righteous keep shrinking in terms of its economy.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Lightweight Aggregate Concrete (LAC)

Chapter 1 Introduction1.1 Foreword come and cementum c over drama a hypercritical function in the courteous applied science where the edifice of constructions both for domestic and commercial message intent is dependent upon the quality and scientific features of the cover used as argued by Leif Berntsson Satish Chandra ( 2002 ) 1 . This is appargonnt from the fact that cover is used in many applications apart from morphologic applications including insulant, make fulling etcIn this field of honor a critical analysis on the light heaviness impart total cover ( LAC ) is presented to the reader. The enquiry will supply a comprehensive penetration on the scientific facets environing LAC and the demand for utilizing LAC in structural applications.1.2 Purpose and AimsThe purpose of this study is to fancy a critical analysis on the Light metric weight unit Aggregate Concrete ( LAC ) and look into on its structural applications and far developments.The above purpos e is achieved by comprehend the study on the under consulted aimsTo carry on a comprehensive overview on the Lightweight Aggregate Concrete ( LAC ) by supplying the history, definitions and economic factors environing the applications and ha cow dung of LAC in civil constructions.To supply a critical overview on the intersection of cement and its belongingss in the visible radiation of LAC and its application in civil constructions.To taper a scientific analysis on the belongingss of LAC utilizing different composing stuffs including both the mechanical and chemical belongingss.To look into on the ordinances refering to LAC and their effects on a item composing of LAC in a given geographical part.To look into on the LAC output signal and wont in Greece.1.3 Research ScopeThe presence of concrete in civil technology is thorough in nature and therefore the research range is limited to the composing of the LAC and its application in civil construction applications. The primord ial facets of the LAC and its labor in Greece is besides embarrassd in the range of the research although a planetary research on the LAC industry and ordinances refering to LAC is out of range of this undertaking.The research range besides includes the probe of the general ordinances adhered in the Europe including the ACI-318 and contrive considerations in the visible radiation of Seismic Design.1.4 Research methodological analysisThe nature of the research is dependent on the analysis and findings environing the LAC which is used in civil constructions. Since constructing a civil construction is non portion of the undertaking due to be and imaginativeness restraints, the research methodological analysis is strictly dependent on soft analysis utilizing secondary research informations. The qualitative attack to research in founts of the technology analysis is advised as a dependable attack as the findings from the research on the secondary resources are already published ther efore supplying a validated beginning of information for analysis. This is farther justified by John W. Creswell ( 2002 ) 2 .Hence the research methodological analysis in this study is qualitative research utilizing published resources including diaries, text books and scientific documents. The Internet is used as the chief hunt infinite for roll uping information to execute the qualitative analysis.1.5 Chapter OverviewChapter 1 IntroductionThis is the current chapter where the reader is provided with a brief debut on the content, research purpose and aims, range and methodological analysis. The chapter sets the phase for the overall research presented in the study.Chapter 2 lit ReappraisalIn this chapter a historic overview on the concrete and the exercising of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete ( LAC ) is presented to the reader. This is so followed by the definition of the LAC and its application in the civil structural applications from a historic position. The chapter is conclud ed with an overview on the economic factors and benefits realised by dint of the employ of the LAC in the civil construction applications with illustrations. The economic overview besides throws visible radiation on the cardinal facets of LAC that benefit the overall concrete composing in structural applications both good turn good as supply a elaborate reappraisal of the assorted LAC composings used in the yesteryear during the initial phases of LACs usage in the construct industry.Chapter 3 Concrete ProductionThis chapter presents a elaborate overview on the sophisticated concrete occupation techniques and the development of the production techniques over the old ages.The two best-selling(predicate) techniques used in the production viz. the rotary kiln and the sintering force with penetration on the fluctuations is presented to the reader in this chapter. Furthermore, the light integrality production and the cardinal production methods used in the commercial applicati ons including the advantages associated are presented to the reader.Chapter 4 LAC Properties, Regulations and composing analysis establish on geographics.This chapter presents a critical analysis on the belongingss of LAC and the assorted conclave of jackanapes br differenthood that is used in different classs of the build. The research throws visible radiation on the assorted composings of light sum and their distinguishable characteristics that help get the covet benefits in a structural application. The chapter so presents a critical overview on the ordinances refering to the LAC followed by the composing analysis based on the stuffs that are getable locally to a given geographical location. The chosen geographics for this research is Greece.Chapter 5 DecisionThis chapter reviews the aims of the research followed by supplying the decision to the study.Chapter 2 Literature Reappraisal2.1 Historical overviewConcrete, normally a blend intureture of sand, crushed rock and cement day of the months back to ancient history when ruddy calcium hydroxide was used as a cementing constituent in doing concrete ( Leif Berntsson Satish Chandra, 2002 ) . This makes it clear that the current mixtures of concrete stand evolved over the historic periods to provide assorted technology demands with the developments in scientific discipline and the inventions in technology as argued by Leif Berntsson Satish Chandra ( 2002 ) . A classical illustration for the development of concrete since the ancient history is the usage of concrete by Romans in 300 BC when they found that blending a pink sand-like stuff which was volcanic ash they obtained from Pozzuoli with their normal lime-based concretes resulted in a far stronger stuff.The history behind the usage of sum to do concrete mix day of the months back to every bit early on as the early the Roman period when the Romans used advanced methods in fixing concrete mixes with different sum stuffs to accommodate the structu ral demands and potential. The classical illustrations for the above statement include the usage of lightweight sums as in the roof of the Pantheon, and embedded support in the signifier of bronze bars as argued by Leif Berntsson Satish Chandra ( 2002 ) . The engineering in concrete utilizing different sums every bit good as accounting for thermic and other physical qualities of re-enforcing stuffs to do concrete mixes that provide the coveted intensity level is apparent throughout history although the industrial revolution and the addition in the technology and the function of steel in the 20Thursdaycentury have change magnitude the invention every bit good as developments around the engineering of doing the right concrete mix.Concrete is non merely a critical component in the civil structural applications but besides a cardinal component in many other applications environing the building concern doing it one of the of import and most sought later on merchandise in the technolo gy concern itself as argued by Fu-Tung Cheng and Eric Olsen ( 2002 ) 3 . This is of category because of the fact that concrete is non merely a constituent in the building of civil constructions but besides a design ingredient in make up ones minding upon the strength, truss and other physical elements that govern the stableness of a given edifice. This is besides justified in the statements of Leif Berntsson Satish Chandra ( 2002 ) .The definition of cement in technology footings refers to pulverize stuffs which develop strong adhesive qualities when combined with H2O. This makes it clear that the cementing work on of volcanic ash that was used to do concrete by the Romans autumn under the cement. It is farther apparent that concrete is referred to as a composite edifice stuff made from the combination of sum and cement binder.From the above it is clear that the developments in the quality of cement and the innovation of Portland cement, gypsum plaster, etc have a direct mildew on the development of the concrete engineering although the collective constituent of the concrete composing plays an every bit of import function in assorted mixes of concrete that serve a coveted intent as argued by Leif Berntsson Satish Chandra ( 2002 ) .Another component of greater significance to the development of concrete engineering in the juvenile old ages every bit early as the 1900s is the development of concrete boats during the 2nd universe war where the lightweight sum concrete played a critical function in the design and building of the ships itself as argued by Glenn A. moody ( 2004 ) 4 . It is besides provoke to observe that the importance of concrete has increased with the demand for refined and purpose peculiar(prenominal) concrete mixes where the function of concrete has been non merely to supply the structural support but besides the coveted strength at the needed physical conditions that is set in the given geographical location as argued by Glenn A. Bl ack ( 2002 ) . The growing of the expanded t streakk and shale industry since the morning of the 20Thursdaycentury and the developments during the Second World War when the lightweight sum concrete utilizing cadaver and shale was used to build the war ships marked the accelerated growing of the usage of lightweight aggregate concrete as argued by Glenn A. Black ( 2004 ) .2.2 Definition of lightweight sumIn edict to specify the lightweight sum the subject under research in this thesis, it is indispensable to show the basicss environing the lightweight sum. Hence this subdivision foremost presents a brief research on sum, its function in building as portion of the concrete mix and so travel towards the nucleus subject ( i.e. ) the definition of lightweight sum.Aggregate is the footings used to jointly mention to the ingredients in doing a concrete mix that gives strength and texture to the overall concrete composing made of sand, cement and sum as argued by Glenn A. Black ( 2004 ) . Aggregate is the composite stuff of the concrete that is aimed to defy compressive emphasis doing it clear that the size, strength and weight of the aggregative stuffs are critical constituents for the overall expertness of the concrete to pull off the compressive emphasis as argued by Glenn A. Black ( 2004 ) .The neo twenty-four hours concrete utilizations Portland cement as the cementing component and the sum that is held together by the cement and H2O to plan concrete for different grades of strengths, lastingness, heat & A sound insulating material, and H2O stringency as argued by Glenn A. Black ( 2004 ) . This makes it clear that the sum is the critical constituent of the concrete that attributes to observe merely the strength and quality of the concrete but besides dictates the nature of the applications and the extent to which invention in technology can be taken to. The cardinal physical quality of the sum is the compressive strength that it can back up for a given c omposing.The lightweight sums that are researched in this study typically attribute to up to 80 lbs per square inch which is used chiefly applications that demand lightweight concrete by integrity of the placement or for the support, insularity etc. specialised graveness is another critical component in depicting the quality of sum as the specific gravitation off the substance is dead on target relative to its emphasis and squeez energy factors as argued by Glenn A. Black ( 2004 ) . A typical combination and most general in the building industry for the sum is the crushed rock and sand mix at different sizes and squeezability that are used in racy demand building structural applications as argued by Glenn A. Black.Hence sum in concrete is defined as the constituent of concrete that attributes to the strength, lastingness, squeezability and insularity properties to back up the coveted building application.Lightweight AggregateGlenn A. Black ( 2004 ) says The term Lightweight A ggregate describes a scope of particular usage sums that have an evident specific gravitation well below normal sand and crushed rock which were at one clip used in astir(predicate) all concrete .From the above it is clear that the lightweight sum is one of the critical elements that makes concrete flexible and mingled to do the overall structural design and specifications as to run into the building demands as argued by Leif Berntsson Satish Chandra ( 2002 ) . It is besides interesting to observe that the lightweight sum in the concrete that is made utilizing light weight stuffs besides provide an appreciable degree of squeezability every bit good as possess strength that can be defined based on the composing therefore doing it a versatile and price effectual procedure in the production procedure itself.The scope of lightweight sum is lengthened in nature from in high spiritsly light stuffs used for insularity and non-structural concrete all the manner to expanded clays and s hales used for structural concrete. This makes it clear that the lightweight sum in the concrete is chiefly aimed to accomplish high degree of physical stableness and squeezability through efficaciously using the physical qualities of the aggregative stuffs. This is farther justified in the statements of Leif Berntsson Satish Chandra ( 2002 ) who argues that the lightweight sum in the concrete is a major measure towards invention in the field of technology itself.The strength and the atmosphere trapped in individually single atom of the constituents of the aggregative stuffs are reciprocally relative to each other therefore doing it clear that in order to derive lightweight aggregate the sum of air trapped in the single atoms must be high therefore doing it clear that the strength of the concrete therefore obtained is low. The above relationship stated provides the counsel to guarantee the balance between the air trapped and the strength required in the concrete mix therefore doin g the overall lightweight sum concrete customisable to run into the structural demands of the application on manus.Lightweight Aggregate Concrete SpectrumThe concrete spectrum ensuing from the usage of the lightweight sum is highly diverse in nature runing from really lightweight sum concrete up to high strength sums dedicated for specific bespoke applications as argued by Glenn A. Black ( 2004 ) .The ace lightweights scope of aggregative concrete that are derived from Vermiculite and Perlite are the capable of presenting weights every bit low as 15 to 20 lbs per three-dimensional animal foot therefore doing it clear the application of lightweight sums in the technology concern provides a diverse scope of applications for concrete.The native sums, Pumice and Scoria for illustration can be used to do concrete deliberation at approximately 25 to 30 lbs per three-dimensional pes and extended every bit high as 65 lbs per three-dimensional pes as argued by Glenn A. Black ( 2004 ) . Fur thermore, the usage of coal clinkers and expanded shale, clay and slate sums produced utilizing rotary kiln method can present weights in a varying scope from 75 to 120 lbs per three-dimensional pes.Another popular production method for this scope of sums includes the sintering where the weights are delivered typically runing from 90 to 120 lbs per three-dimensional pes.The high terminal applications of aggregative concrete include the production of sums capable of presenting weights up to 150 lbs per three-dimensional pes utilizing the air-cooled scoria sums and the hard-rock sums such as sand and crushed rock and crushed rock, which produce conventional concretes as mentioned by Glenn A. Black ( 2004 ) .From the above it is clear that the sums that lie in the lower terminal of the weight that have lower compressive strength are used chiefly for insularity intents whilst those in the in-between spectrum are used for insularity and filling. The high terminal of the lightweight sum c oncrete spectrum are used in a bounteous scope of structural applications that demand high compressive strengths every bit good as efficient direction of weight as argued by Glenn A. Black. The concrete spectrum for the lightweight sum concrete is presented in the figure belowFig 1 Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Spectrum( Beginning Glenn A. Black ( 2004 ) ,Lightweight Concrete history, Applications and Economics,Indiana University )2.3 Economicss environing lightweight Aggregate ConcreteThe cardinal facets of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete that attribute to the economical and structural benefits derived through the structural applications utilizing LAC include the undermentioned2.3.1Fire confrontation electrical resistance to flack catcher is one of the critical elements that is expected in concrete to guarantee that the fire opposition and the structural stableness of the civil construction is maintained through the usage of aggregative concrete as argued by John P. Ries and do ubting Thomas A. Holm ( 2006 ) 5 . The fire opposition of lightweight sum is higher(prenominal) compared to the typical concrete sum chiefly because of the fact that the aggregative stuffs composing the lightweight sum have lower thermic conduction, lower coefficient of thermic enlargement as argued by John P. Ries and Thomas A. Holm ( 2006 ) . The fact that the aggregative stuffs possess strengthened-in fire resistant belongingss is the cardinal component that is emphasised and strengthened in instance of the lightweight aggregates where the aforesaid heat opposition belongingss help accomplish higher fire opposition. It is besides interesting to observe that the built-in fire stableness of sum is high and in instance of the lightweight sum it is at a heat of over 2000 grades Fahrenheit.As it is stated in the ACI 216 Standard Method for Determining fire Resistance ofConcrete and Masonry Construction Assemblies , when slab thickness is determined by fire opposition and non by s tructural standards ( Goists, waffle slabs e.g. ) , the superior public presentation of lightweight concrete, will cut down the thickness of slabs ensuing in significantly lower concrete volumes , ( John P. Ries and Thomas A. Holm, 2006 ) .From the above it is clear that the fire opposition belongingss of the lightweight sum straight contributes to the overall structural stableness and the decrease in the volume occupied by the concrete in the structural applications. This justifies the various nature of the lightweight sum therefore enabling it to be used in advanced structural applications as argued by John P. Ries and Thomas A. Holm ( 2006 ) .2.3.2 attend to Life of the Structure The run life of the construction is another critical component that is used as step of economic usage in instance of measuring the concrete and the aggregative efficiency against the capital invested as argued by John P. Ries and Thomas A. Holm ( 2006 ) . Glenn A. Black ( 2004 ) further provinces that the lastingness of lightweight sum is high and the life of the constructions constructed utilizing lightweight sum prove to see to it higher life lastingness. The historical grounds to warrant the aforesaid include popular constructions likeThe Port of Cosa built about 273 B.C. where the builders used lightweight concrete made out of natural volcanic stuffs,The Pantheonthat was finished in 27 B.C that incorporates concrete changing in constriction from underside to exceed of the dome and the most popular Amphitheater, built in 75 to 80 A.D. where the foundations were cast as lightweight concrete utilizing crushed volcanic lava as argued by John P. Ries and Thomas A. Holm ( 2006 ) . From the above statements it is apparent that the lastingness of the constructions designed utilizing the lightweight concrete is extended in nature.Looking into the more modern illustrations to warrant the service life of the lightweight sum used in concrete for building include the lightweight concret e ships built by the the Statesn Emergency Fleet Corporation during the First World War. The compressive strengths of the concrete used were in the scope of 5000 pounds per square inch ( 35 MPa ) obtaining a unit weight of 110 lb/ftJ ( 1760 kg/mJ ) or less utilizing the rotary kiln produced expanded shale and clay sum as identified by John P. Ries and Thomas A. Holm ( 2006 ) . The service of these lightweight concrete boats during the universe wars and their subsequent in the merchandiser ships warrant the lastingness and service life of the lightweight sum used in concrete building applications. Furthermore, the fact that the higher degree of air trapped in the atoms make the submergence efficient in instance of the marine applications makes lightweight sum as a natural pick for the Marine applications although the usage of lightweight concrete extends to commercial structural applications in many Bridgess across the United States of America where the structural efficiency and stab leness on Bridgess that were deemed unserviceable due to hapless burden bearing capablenesss was improved through the usage of lightweight aggregative concrete as argued by John P. Ries and Thomas A. Holm ( 2006 ) . Furthermore, the critical component that attributes to the service life of the lightweight concrete is the heat opposition, opposition to environmental corrosion and its lightweight that reduces the burden on the construction doing its service life longer than the typical concrete applications.2.3.3 Economic sustainabilityJohn P. Ries and Thomas A. Holm ( 2006 ) argue that the structural applications in the modern yearss are judged against the cost, functionality, aesthetics or a combination of these as argued by John P. Ries and Thomas A. Holm ( 2006 ) . This makes it clear that the costs associated with the building of the construction every bit good as the running costs associated with deal out, infinite and fix are the critical elements that attribute to the pick of a given concrete mix over another. The lightweight sum that is used in the LAC is higher in costs compared to the typical concrete mix as argued by John P. Ries and Thomas A. Holm ( 2006 ) . This is of course because of the demand to bring forth the concrete mix utilizing stuffs of alone physical belongingss and the extent of research and development involved with the overall design of the building application. Alongside, the cost is treated as the cardinal component in instance of commercial execution of building applications preponderantly because of the fact that the step on the return keys in footings of return on investing is attributable when compared against the costs associated with the building of the construction.John P. Ries and Thomas A. Holm ( 2006 ) say that although the capital involved with the building of lightweight constructions is high, the fact that the low care costs and costs associated with other back uping constructions during the buildings like the decrea se in steel, girders and besides the decrease in the slab thickness will equilibrate the costs with the production of the LAC concrete mix itself. This farther justifies that the economic sustainability where the return on the investing and the optimal pick for building is accomplishable utilizing lightweight sum as argued by John P. Ries and Thomas A. Holm ( 2006 )The statements of Glenn A. Black ( 2004 ) that the lightweight sum besides has the benefit of lower degree of care and negligible fixs associated due to its lastingness features farther vindicate that the effectivity of the lightweight sum in accomplishing economic sustainability is high. Hence the lightweight sum is extremely recommended in the building of critical structural applications like Bridgess and commercial edifice where the burden bearing is high and the infinite is a critical component to salvage costs.2.3.3 nothing ingestion and goose egg nest eggs The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive of the Euro pean Union is a classical illustration for the justification that the composing of the concrete and the belongingss of the constituents consisting the construction of constructing commercial and domestic contribute straight to the overall energy ingestion as argued by John P. Ries and Thomas A. Holm ( 2006 ) . This is farther justified in the statements of Sarah Gaventa ( 2006 ) 6 where the writer has justified that the concrete mix and the design of the overall construction to accommodate the structural demands have a direct impact on the energy ingestion. Alongside, the heat immune belongingss of the lightweight sum and the ability to pin down higher sum of air within the atoms consisting the sum further do the lightweight sum to be able to run into the warming and chilling demands in a given construction as argued by Sarah Gaventa ( 2006 ) . It is besides interesting to observe that the energy public presentation efficiency in the edifice particularly in the West where a major part of the energy is used for heating intents justify that the concrete mix and the aggregative composing to do the concrete mix are critical for the successful energy nest eggs in the edifices as argued by Sarah Gaventa ( 2006 ) .The lastingness, stableness and other physical belongingss including the squeezability of an aggregative stuff property to the ability of the concrete used in the edifice to retain heat therefore cut pour down the ingestion of energy for interior warming intents as argued by Sarah Gaventa ( 2006 ) .It is besides a good known fact that the decrease in the concrete assiduity increases the thermic opposition therefore doing it clear that the lightweight sum will increase the thermic opposition due to the lower specific gravitation of the aggregative composing that reduces the denseness of the concrete used in the building of the construction. A typical illustration is the concrete denseness of 90lb/cubic pes will hold a opposition ( R value ) of 0.26/inch whilst the R value for a denseness of 135lb/cubic pes is about 0.10/inc therefore doing it clear the energy efficiency is greatly increased through the usage of lightweight sums as argued by John P. Ries and Thomas A. Holm ( 2006 ) .Chapter 3 Concrete Production3.1 OverviewThe production of concrete mix utilizing the sum is achieved through the assortment of the sum, sand and cement with right sums of H2O to bring forth the concrete mix of the necessary strength. The concrete commixture is dependent upon the quality of the sum every bit good as the cement used to accomplish the coveted denseness, strength and squeezability of the concrete for the structural application. In this chapter a critical overview on the cement production followed by the production methods for lightweight sums is presented to the reader.3.2 Cement ProductionThe chief ingredient for the production of cement is limestone of changing chemical composings that are freely available in the preies as argued by Sara h Gaventa ( 2006 ) . The lime rock is processed and farther chemicals are added to derive the cement of the necessary strength and squeezability. The undermentioned explains the production procedure brieflyThe natural limestone of changing chemical combinations is foremost collected to fix the natural mix where the limestone is assorted with minerals of minerals incorporating Ca oxide, Si oxide, aluminum oxide, ferrous oxide, and Mg oxide. This mixture is prepared to a all right mixture which forms the natural mix for a typical Portland cement. This is so blended to organize the natural blend where the natural mix is formulated to a really tight chemical preparation to derive the coveted strength from the finished green goods of the cement as argued by Sarah Gaventa ( 2006 ) .The natural blending procedure is conducted in a manner where the comparative content of each oxide in the chemical composing is kept changeless throughout the production procedure in order to guarantee that th e belongingss of the concluding merchandise is non altered. It is besides argued by Sarah Gaventa ( 2006 ) really teensy-weensy alterations to the Ca content in the natural mix may take to big alterations in the ratio of alite to belite in the cinder, and to matching alterations in the cement s strength-growth features ( Sarah Gaventa, 2006 ) . This makes it clear that the effectual control of the natural mix is critical for the production of consistent quality cement to run into the demands of the structural application.The next phase is the preparation of the cinder where the blend natural mixture is put through a complex chemical reaction procedure in a big cement kiln with temperature increasing over the length of the cylinder as argued by Sarah Gaventa ( 2006 ) . The concluding merchandise of the procedure is called cinder which is the concluding merchandise of the cement produced in the solid signifier at the coveted chemical combination. This is so put through a cement crun ching procedure where the cinder that is produced is assorted with little sums of Ca sulfate to crunch the cement to the desired coarseness in order to back up the structural application.Sarah Gaventa ( 2006 ) further argues that the major constituents that decide on the strength and quality of cement include the undermentionedCinderGypsumLimestoneBlast Furnace SlagThe Blast Furnace Slag is one of the critical elements in lending to the stableness of the chemical reaction in the cement kiln as argued by Sarah Gaventa ( 2006 ) . Another interesting component with the blast furnace scoria is the fact that the effectual usage of the scoria in the cement production procedure besides allows to command the specific gravitation of the cement when assorted with aggregative and H2O to organize concrete every bit good as the ability to make the coveted strength of the cement concrete through the right combination of limestone and gypsum.The schematic of the cement production procedure is pres ented in the fig 2 below.Fig 2 Cement production Schematic( Beginning hypertext transfer protocol //www.cimnat.com.lb/Production/Model.gif )3.3 Sum productionThe aggregative production is the following critical component in the lightweight concrete readying as the lightweight sum is one of the major elements that must be produced at a higher degree of preciseness in order to guarantee the coveted degree of strength and specific gravitation are achieved as argued by John P. Ries and Thomas A. Holm ( 2006 ) .The rotary kiln method is a traditional method of production which is popular since 1946 as argued by Glenn A. Black ( 2004 ) . The procedure of the production involves the application of heat to shale, clay and slate under controlled conditions. The conditions include the force per unit area and other features that trigger chemical reactions in order to accomplish the preferable specific gravitation and denseness of the sum constituent which is so land to the needed coarseness as argued by Glenn A. Black ( 2004 ) .The sintering method every bit good as the rotary kiln method typically use the similar base natural stuff that comprise of a extremely silicious clay or shale that exhibits a bloating characteristic which is achieve through gas-forming minerals which release gas on exposure to the desired degree of heat as argued by Glenn B. Black ( 2004 ) . It is besides interesting to observe that the readying of the sum is dependent upon the extent to which the force per unit area and the external temperature is controlled that set the temperature-based chemical reactions as argued by Glenn A. Black ( 2004 ) .

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Tb Case Holding

Case retentiveness -Ensures give-and-take accordance -Indirectly, this will translate to treatment success or cure -Poor treatment compliance may lead to the adjacent outcomes oChronic infectious illness oDrug resistance oDeath Poor Case Holding 1. incompetent drugs and poor drug distribution 2. Patients non-adherence 3. Physicians non-adherence 4. Low motivation of wellness workers SLU PPMD Unit Operations PTB Suspect -Cough 2 weeks with or without the following oFever oHemoptysis oBack pains oWeight loss oEasy fatigability Refer to SLUPPMD accordance for sputum AFB smear v PTB YesNo vv TreatRefer to TBDC vS annul back to denotering physician -Importance of taking the drug -Role of treatment partner in the family -Possible side effects -Regular physical examination Classification of TB cases 1. Pulmonary TB a. fleck positive o2 (+) sputum AFB + radiographic abnormalities consistent with TB, OR o1 (+) sputum AFB + radiographic abnormalities consistent with officious TB as d etermined by a physician, OR o1 (+) sputum AFB + sputum refinement (+) for MTB b. Smear negative o 3 (-) sputum AFB with radiographic abnormality consistent with alive(p) PTB, AND ono response to a assembly line of antibiotics, AND oTBDC decides to treat the patient role . Extra-Pulmonary TB (EP) a. A patient with at least one mycobacterial smear/culture positive from an extra-pulmonary site, OR b. A patient with histological &/or clinical evidence consistent with active extra-pulmonary TB and there is a decision by the TBDC to treat the patient with anti-TB drugs. -Note All EP cases shall undergo DSSM preceding to treatment Types of TB Cases -New no Tx or 2 calendar months -Treatment failure still (+) on the 5th month -Other became (+) on 2nd month interrupted Tx but smear (-) Recommended Category of Treatment Regimen CategoryType of TB PatientTB Treatment RegimenIntensiveContinuation INew smear (+) PTB New smear (-) PTB with extensive parenchymal lesion on CXR (TBDC) EPTB a nd severe concomitant human immunodeficiency virus disease2HRZE4HR IITreatment failure, RAD, relapse, other2HRZES/ HRZE5HRE treyNew smear (-) PTB with minimal parenchymal lesions on CXR (TBDC)2HRZE4HR IVChronic (still smear (+) after supervised re-treatment)Refer to specialized facility or DOTS sum center Directly Observed Treatment (DOT) -Success depends on having a responsible treatment partner. any of the following could serve as a treatment partner 1. DOTS facility staff such as midwife or the nurse 2.A trained community member such as the BHW, local presidential term official or former TB patient. Schedule of DSSM Follow-up (Categories I and III) Schedule of DSSM follow-upCategory I (2HRZE/4HR)Category III (2HRZE/4HR) Regular treatment Regular1 month extension Towards the end of 2nd monthYes (if positive)Yes Towards the end of 3rd month(if negative)Yes Towards the end of quaternate monthYes Towards the end of 5th monthYes Beginning of 6th monthYes Beginning of 7th monthYe s Schedule of DSSM Follow-up (Category II) Schedule of DSSM follow-upCategory II (2HRZES/HRZE/5HRE) Regular Treatment1 month extension Towards the end of 3rd monthYes (if positive)Towards the end of 4th month(if negative)Yes Towards the end of 5th monthYes Towards the end of 6th monthYes Beginning of 8th monthYes Beginning of 9th monthYes Guide in Managing Adverse Reactions to Anti-TB drugs Adverse ReactionsDrug(s) probably responsibleManagement small-scale GI intoleranceRHGive meds at HS or small meals Mild skin reactionsAnyGive antihistamines Orange/red color urineRifampicinReassure the patient Pain at the injection siteStreptomycinWarm compress. Rotate sites. Burning sensation in the feet due to neuropathyINHPyridoxine 100-200 mg/ mean solar day for treatment 10 mg for prevention Arthralgia due to hyperuricemiaPZAGive ASA/NSAIDFlu-like symptomRifampicinGive antipyretics Major Severe skin rashAny (especially Streptomycin)Discontinue anti-TB drugs and refer to DOTS physician Jaund iceRHZDiscontinue anti-TB drugs and refer to DOTS physician Impairment of visual acuity optic neuritisEMBDiscontinue EMB and refer to ophthalmologist audience impairmentStreptomycinDiscontinue streptomycin and refer to DOTS physician Psychosis and convulsionINHDiscontinue INH and refer to DOTS physician Thrombocytopenia, anemia and shockRifampicinDiscontinue anti-TB drugs and refer to DOTS physician

Monday, May 20, 2019

All but My Life

History 121 Book placeline All But My Life February 15, 2013 All But My Life All But My Life is a memoir about a tender Jewish girl, Gerda Weissmann, who was able to endure the hardships of World War II and the Holocaust. Gerda went through and aphorism more horrific social functions in the matter of a few years than either(prenominal) of us will ever grant to face in our life judgment of convictions. The fact that a girl this young and hopeless can withstand so much pain only if yet contain so much strength should be an inspiration to all. Reading this book very opened my eyes to what the creative activity can bring.After reading Gerdas journey, I will never again complain of times creation tough or depressing in my life. This book really meant a lot to me for that very reason. It is terrible that no matter what Gerda had to face in those years she would constantly be looking forward. Regardless of the mass she pushed forward and longed for the time that it would all b e over. As the book is coming to a close Gerda writes, As I Finish the last chapter of my book, I feel at peace, at last. I have action a core aggroup and stipendiary a debt to many nameless heroes, resting in their unmarked graves. A burden is a heavy load and Gerda definitely had one to get off her shoulders. Up until this book Gerda was never able to tell anyone her full journey. She wasnt able to conduct the times spent with the friends she made during the hardships of the Holocaust. The debt she paid to many nameless heroes was that she was able to get the story out to stack. Gerda was able to share premiere feed experiences to battalion that unspoiled may not understand the fight these young girls and other Jewish people put up during these years.The book had to be written because Gerda knew that her journey needed to be told because of the small summate of survivors there were. She was one of the lucky ones who were able to gather the strength to get through this h orrific time in history. Thus, as much as she wanted to probably forget, the book had to be written. In my sight All But My Life was written to and for anyone who wants to be falld by a tough and excite young girl. Also it was written for those who were unable to survive the Holocaust.For those who will never be able to share their hard fought journey and are now just round other number to total of lives lost during the Holocaust. Gerdas long and eventful journey didnt just take place in one localization of function or even just one concentration campy for that matter. Her journey had several stops along the way and consisted of mean solar days and days of traveling in the harshest conditions. The journey of Gerdas story begins in folk of 1939 in her hometown of Bielitz, Poland (4). Bielitz is where Gerda spent roughly the first sixteen years of her life (43).In the early summer of 1942 Bielitz is Judenreined which intend free of Jews basically. Gerda and her family are s plit and to travel in different directions. Gerda is headed toward Sosnowitz, Poland and gets there in June 1942 (96). From Sosnowitz, Gerda is sent to her first concentration camp in Bolkenhain, Germany (113). While at Bolkenhain, Gerda worked thread machines day in and day out however, all in all the girls were treated pretty well at Bolkenhain compared to other concentration camps. Gerda would after found out that Bolkenhain was like heaven in comparison to what was to come.Soon Gerda and the rest of the girls are sent to another concentration camp called Marzdorf in September of 1943 (145). Marzdorf was nothing like Bolkenhain and was purely miserable for Gerda. Luckily Gerda doesnt spend a great deal of time at Marzdorf and soon ends up in Landeshut during the calendar month of September of 1943, another concentration camp with ten other girls originally from Bolkenhain (152). After expenditure some time threading supplies for the German army in Landeshut, Gerda is transported to her final concentration camp in May of 1944, Grunberg (166).After spending a significant amount of time in Grunberg the group is transported toward Germany. Gerda feels that the end of the war may be very near. As the march celebrates on the group ends up in helmbrechts barracks in the spring of 1945 (194). The group spends about a month in the barracks of Helmbrechts with less than half the amount of people left than they had started with. With just a couple hundred girls remaining the mere group left heads toward Czechoslovakia (201).In May of 1945 Gerda and a handful of others arrive in Volary as the war slowly comes to an end (207). During her journey, Gerda is influenced by numerous people. most she knew prior to leaving Bielitz and others she met along the way. All of which influenced every one of Gerdas actions. Gerda would lose all of these people except for one. Gerdas brother, Arthur, may have been the most influential person to her. He was there since her childishn ess and they acted as best friends. When Gerda was sixteen she saw her brother for the last time as he was called to let Bielitz (21).Gerda had enormous love for her family and her mother and father and also Niana were also very influential to her. Her father was her salvation. If not for what he had told her about suicide she may not ever have had the will power to go on with the cruel experiences of her journey. However, Gerdas parents do not survive the Holocaust and she sees them and Niana for the last time in the summer of 1942 (92). Prior to leaving Bielitz, Gerda has what I would say is her first boyfriend. Abek is always caring for Gerda although she never really loves him.He too would not survive the Holocaust. As a child, Gerda and Isle meet and they are bestfriends. They spend nearly the whole journey together until Isle passes away days before the war ends (205). During her travels from camp to camp Gerda also makes really good friends with Suse and Liesel. These were two girls were there to help each other through the hardships of the Holocaust. Suse died the day of liberation (213). While moving to further shelter Liesel also passed away (215). During Gerdas time at Bolkenhain she meets in my mind her avenging angel, Frau Kugler.Although the Frau Kugler was thought to be mixture of an enemy, she saves Gerdas life and they develop a sort of friendship. However, once deported to a new camp they never see each other again (137). in one case the war ends Gerda meets Kurt Klein. Kurt is an American soldier that feels for Gerda for he too lost his parents due to the Holocaust. The two grow strong feelings for each other and Kurt is partially the reason for Gerdas fast and strong recovery. The two eventually move back to America and get married (246).When Gerda and Kurt meet for the first time she is simply confused. She wonders why he cared so much about her. She couldnt figure it out. As time passed they met again and she loved comprehend him. Whi le apart she longed for the next time they would unite. I didnt expect the hand of fate in this story. I expected for Gerda to end up having feelings for Abek. However, Kurt was the one for her. While at the concentration camps Gerda encountered several guards. I was surprised by how many of the guards did what they could to help the victims as much as possible.Their motivation must have been fear of what could have happened to them if they did not treat the Jews like animals. I can not think of any other reason someone could possibly think what was going on was ok. During Gerdas time in the Holocaust she is somehow able to gain strength to continue on while others are not able to. It was the words of her father that kept her from committing suicide even during the most gruesome times. The only thing that kept her positive was the thought that someday she might see her family again and be able to swallow to her home in Bielitz, Poland.The title, All But My Life to me means somethin g very simple. Gerda Weissmann Klein endured thousands of things as a teenager. She saw many horrific and breathtaking images. Met numerous friends along the way, but none of it was life to her. She went through everything but none of it was a normal life. I thoroughly enjoyed this book and it has truly touched me. My simple reply is just amazement of how a girl can endure so much and still continue on with life with a positive outlook. This book will change the way I note value life itself.

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Paul Kennedys arguments on the rise and fall of great powers Essay

In the worlds history, the wait of the earth has witnessed fountain supremacy between various countries and states. All along from the Spanish rein in their days on the sun, the Britain, France and now the US. All this scenes on the globe have a signifi discharget strike on the relative magnates on the either side. The outstanding issue is not the motive but forces easy that index finger rebel, stay freshability and its rowlock. thereof this essay shall examine the ways of cadence this position sustainability according to the capital of Minnesota Kennedys perspective in his list on the airlift and fall of major world powers.Introduction professor capital of Minnesota Kennedy argues approximately how predictable and determinable is the raising and declining of the major powers in his book entitled The salary increase and Fall of the Great Powers frugal Change and Military Conflict From 1500 to 2000. In this book he presents the parameters which be apply to meas ure the prospects and indicators of rising and decline of worlds major power. Furtherto a large(p)er extent, arguments are presented together with empirical studies of the major world powers, which encompass both political and economicalal dimensions of the Great Powers. This studies rates and discusses the rise and their fall from 1500 to 1980.Additionally, apart from exclusively give-and-take their rise and fall, his argument goes beyond the prevalent conditions and projects the future of the US, Japan, China, European Economic Commission and USSR. The core of the Kennedys argument is that the strength of a power of a nation or a state can precisely be measured relative to the other existing powers . In this connection, the fundamental issue that he uses as a master is the fact that major powers rising, falling and their sustainability only if depend on the available resources and economic durability and military strength relative to its requirements for prospering.Therefor e, the argument for measuring the decline or prosperity of a given world power is through military power and its inputs and the economic and productive power. The two measuring devices employed by Professor capital of Minnesota Kennedy 20 course earlier are the central base for this essay paper. Through use of military and economic lust this essay shall examine the major world powers their rise and decline. Also related to the Kennedys argument is the forecasting of the decline of the USSR and US as a major world power or super power , while prescience of gradual but steady raise of china as a major power.The central thesis of Paul Kennedy is that the power of a state needs to be maintained and sustained. Therefore the more the power of a state increases, the more resources shall be needed to maintain. The maintenance of a power should be quietus between both in military and economic power . But when more state resources are devoted towards maintaining military power in long te rm it weakens the power and directs it to the line of decline.While when productivity economy slightly overweighs military expenditure the power is stable and can be maintained. Therefore the key driver of the power of a state entirely relies on the economic parting of the power. thence the main argument is power can only be maintained by a prudent balance between the macrocosm of wealth and military expenditure. Therefore the essay shall closely construe at this argument that emphasizes on the power measuring parameter using the balance between moneyed creation and military expenditure.In order to do this effectively the essay shall evaluate how reliable and well-grounded is the argument basing on the major historical world powers especially the Germany, France, US, Moguls of India, Ottoman Empire, USSR, China, Japan and Great Britain. Measures for rise and fall of a great power state The countries in this friendship power can only be measured and gauged with each other onl y when their military mighty sustainability costs balances with their economic merchandise or wealth creation through investments or production of gods and services. 0 years earlier Paul Kennedy researched, wrote and interpreted the major world power how they rose wine over the years into their day on sun and the dark side of their power into decline. Therefore at this point it is worthy to examine how relevant are the two measuring parameter and how realistic are they to todays reality on our globe, traced from the onetime(prenominal) and extrapolated into the future. Economic and productive power The key driver of the power of a state entirely relies on the economic component of the power in terms of its productivity.This is because as the government running, planning and execution of the plans depends on the engine of the economy. Most evident is that, British financial strength was the single most decisive doer in its victories over France during the 19th century. Therefore in this argument Professor Kennedy argues that it is possible to detect the rise and fall of different powers in the world by looking at the economic indices. In this regard economic power dictates the power prosperity. For model the economic dimension is important to maintain the military mighty.In this connection, economic production should overweigh or balance the expenditure to the military sector. For example Spain, Britain, France and Netherlands military expenditure overweighed their economic production that has lead to their declines since hence. Addition to that, we can agree today that during the entire 19th to early twentieth century the Great Britain was the fore front in the entire world as a great power. The reason for its macrocosm on the fore front was the fact that industrial revolution placed it on that position.This is can be empirically evident that Britain per capita grew from 10, 16, 25, 64, 87 and 100 in 1750, 1800, 1830, 1860, 1880, and 1900 respectively. At this time France which was a relative competitor for this great power had its per capita from 9, 9, 12, 20, 28 and 39 in 1750, 1800, 1830, 1860,1880 and 1900 respectively . Therefore gauging at these two difference in the production of the in terms of industrial per capita, it implies that the UK had an upper hand eventide in financing its major military operations than France therefore can maintain the slot of being major power on the globe .Another indicator that is used to measure the rising and declining power under the economic and productive power is the relative portion of the worlds manufacturing getups. In this respect, great power states manufacturing output can really determine the peaks and troughs of power. For example UKs output is1. 9 percent in 1750, then in 1860 it was at 19. 9 percent, and 22. 9 percent in the year 1880. While chinas starts at an index of 32. 8% in 1750 and declines to19. % in 1860, after the Taiping Rebellion and Opium Wars then declines fu rther to 12. 5% in 1880. The two combinations give an insight of the power that is capable financially so that it can be able to run its functions effectively. In this light, statistics of war time indicates that during its reign Britain was capable to maintain its war expenditures effectively. Thus in 1688 to 1815 the total wartime expenses were ? 2,293,483,437 , Britain income was pitched at 1,622,924,377. Thus it only had a balance of 670,559,060.But from mid-nineties the US economy overtook that of Britain and Germany to become the world super power together with other political factors . thirdly the measures can be in todays economic environment through the use of the states share of the total world gross domestic product which is a round $45 to $50 trillion. At this juncture Kennedys argument predicts the decline of the US as a world super power. Since the share of the US in the world GDP ever declining since 1945 when it over took from Britain. In fact China is a major aff right to the US as a world great power.To this effect the statistics indicates that Chinas total GDP will be higher than that of the US by 2025, if the trading systems are not interfered with by intrinsic calamities or human caused activities. Military power Military power is necessary to safeguard the overall power and the economic power of the state. Military power is the symbol of real and hard power. All great powers that rose in the face of the earth had a relatively stronger military power that enabled the m defeat major battles and wars. For instance the Germany, France, Britain, Spain and Soviet Union .But that one does not exempt the central thesis of the discussion power sustainability can only be achieved through a balance between the wealth creation and the military expenditure that do not over stretch the economy of the state. In this regard at the beginning of the 16th century, Spain was the worlds and European great power with small armed forces . This made it power ful. But the argument is the measure for this power sustainability that makes it relative to either prevail or decline. Therefore fort the Spains case, this excellent army required sustenance from economic resources.Which were over spent on a higher scale from Spains mismanaged resources, deficit budgeting and inflation. Hence in the long run it declined as a major power. The cut also saw the same way as Spain at end of the 17th. Whereby France mismanaged its economic resources that was largely used for supporting an increasingly expensive regular armed forces until the period of the American Revolutionary that led to the french Revolution making this expenditures too huge for the economy top support that ended in a bankruptcy hence its decline.Britain on the other hand had to have a loan to finance its military campaigns, making it use more of the resources than what it creates as economical input. On the other hand the on his prediction for decline of the US as a major world po wer in terms of its overstretch on the military expenditures, it is evident that US is spending too much on the military. For instance nuclear full-fleet carrier of the US navy that is 20 storey high, that displaces105, 000 tonnes of water. This total expenditure for construction is about $28 billion , which is greatest budget ever in the worlds history.In general, US defense budget only accounts for just over half of total defense expenditure in the world. This together with other reasons makes US ever crisis as a super power. Conclusion The argument of Kennedy Paul about the rise and fall of the worlds greatest powers over human history is to a great extend valid. However it is not 100% accurate and any where in this universe it can not happen. Basing on his central thesis of the argument that the power measuring parameter using the balance between wealthy creation and military expenditure.The essay has explored these measuring devises used by professor Paul indeed there is some v alidity in this claims. For instance, china over currently has concentrated on the wealth creation by production and controlled minimal military expenditure has seen to pose a little terror to US supremacy. Therefore whenever the governance system fails to balance there scorecards between the economic output and inputs to sustain military force activities the decline shall be knocking at the door. Whereas the reverse is true.